Cardiovascular disease and its types

Cardiac Sciences | Posted on 10/03/2024 by Dr. Amit Gupta

Did you know that 17.9 million deaths worldwide occur each year as a result of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)? Most patients live with untreated heart diseases until they develop serious symptoms. If you experience shortness of breath, chest pain, or unexplainable fatigue, then these symptoms might indicate a heart condition. Timely medical advice seeking is essential in such scenarios. We will discuss the causes, signs, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in this blog, providing you with the information you need to manage your heart health and remain ahead of the game. So, make sure to give it a good read till the end. Contact best cardiologist at CK Birla Hospital, Jaipur today for expert consultation and treatment.

What Are Cardiovascular Diseases? 

Cardiovascular diseases can be defined as conditions that affect the heart or the blood vessels. It involves the structure and function of the heart. Several cardiovascular diseases are responsible for heart conditions across the globe. A sedentary lifestyle and dietary habits are responsible for cardiovascular disease and other factors such as a family history or previous heart condition might also be the reason for cardiovascular diseases. 

The main causes of cardiovascular disease are lifestyle issues and a fat-rich diet which makes the arteries narrow and blocks the supply of blood. The arteries get narrowed due to the accumulation of plaque or high cholesterol which is made up of fat that deposits in the arteries eventually blocking the pathway for blood circulation. This ultimately causes a decrease in blood flow and many heart-related problems.

Are There Any Types of Cardiovascular Diseases?

Cardiovascular diseases are categorised into several different types which are discussed below for your improved understanding: 

• Heart disease: Coronary heart disease is sometimes also known as coronary artery disease which is very prevalent due to lifestyle and improper diet. It is caused by narrowed arteries, and weak heart muscle due to which the blood supply is not proper; coronary heart disease is one of the first signs of a heart attack.
• Stroke: This occurs when the blood supply from the heart is interrupted and doesn’t reach the brain. The brain loses the vital supply of oxygen and nutrients, which causes a stroke or blood clot in the brain and it might also cause a brain haemorrhage.
• Heart attack: A heart attack usually occurs when the blood supply is not sufficient. Not all heart attacks are fatal for life but they cause acute damage to the heart.
• Heart arrhythmia: It is a medical condition in which the electrical system of the heart leads to abnormal heartbeats or heart rhythms.
• Heart valve disease: When there is a problem in the heart valves and the blood supply is not proper in most cases it is due to a hole in the valve. In such cases, the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood gets mixed which could be fatal for life.

What Are the Symptoms of Cardiovascular Diseases?

Generally, all diseases have certain signs and symptoms but people suffering from type 2 Diabetes and hypertension usually don’t show any signs and symptoms initially. Others might show several symptoms of them including:

• Chest pain
• Nausea
• Pain or discomfort in the left arm, shoulder, elbow, jaw, and back.
• Fatigue, or Lightheadedness
• Cold sweats
• Heart palpitations
• Abdominal pain, Indigestion
• Sleeplessness
• Vomiting
• Difficulty in breathing

How Do You Determine the Causes of Cardiovascular Diseases?

Several causes contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and early detection of these causes can aid in heart-related disorder prevention and improved management: 

What Should You Do When You Notice Something Is Not Right With Your Heart?

The first thing to do if you observe unusual symptoms such as irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, or chest pain is to get medical help right away. Medical professionals will diagnose and treat your heart condition appropriately through the following tests: 

What Are My Treatment Options to Manage Cardiovascular Diseases?

We understand, being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) not only feels overwhelming but also might scare you. But, remember you’re not alone, and your doctor is always there to support you in every step. There are useful treatment options these days available to help you manage your condition.

• Medications: Your doctor will instruct you on what will work for you depending on your condition. Most people are recommended to begin their treatment with medications to control symptoms or prevent further damage. Your doctor might prescribe the following drugs for:
• Blood pressure (like beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors)
• Cholesterol (statins help reduce lower bad cholesterol)
• Blood thinners (Prevent clots)
• Lifestyle Changes: This is where you actually can make a difference in your overall health. By making simple lifestyle changes in your routine, you can certainly improve your heart health. Here is what you need to do:
• A healthy diet: Include fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Stay away from saturated fats, salt, and sugar.
• Exercise: Begin slow walking, swimming, or light activity as it will do wonders for your heart. Speak to your doctor before starting.
• Quitting smoking: If you smoke, quitting is one of the best gifts you can offer your heart.
• Managing stress: Meditation, yoga, or even talking with a friend can provide you so much relief and release emotional strain.
• Procedures or Surgery: In certain cases, medications or lifestyle modifications might not be sufficient. Hence, procedure or surgery seems to be the only way out. Here are the procedures usually involved:
• Angioplasty: To open blocked arteries.
• Stent placement: To keep arteries open.
• Bypass surgery: To Reroute blood around blocked arteries.
• Pacemaker: To help control abnormal heart rhythms.
• Regular Monitoring: Regular check-ups and follow-up testing are essential. Your physician will want to monitor your development and, if necessary, modify your treatment regimen. 

Conclusion 

Cardiovascular diseases may seem daunting, but with the right care, they can be managed effectively. It is crucial to maintain heart health by early detection, lifestyle modifications, and proper treatment. Every step counts, whether that be taking medication, exercising frequently, or keeping an eye on risk factors. It is important that you feel empowered and informed for a healthier heart, so don't be afraid to ask questions or voice concerns to your physician.

FAQs 

Is hypertension a cardiovascular disease?

Yes, high blood pressure is considered a cardiovascular condition. It puts additional strain on your heart by elevating the blood vessel pressure. Untreated hypertension is a big risk factor for cardiovascular disease since it can eventually result in serious cardiac problems like heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure. 

Is heart disease or cardiovascular disease the same?

Conditions that specifically affect the heart, such as heart attacks or coronary artery disease, are referred to as heart diseases. Cardiovascular disease is a more general phrase that encompasses heart disorders including blood artery disorders, like peripheral artery disease or strokes. 

Is cardiovascular disease genetic?

Yes, genetics play a crucial role in cardiovascular disease development. You might be more vulnerable if someone in your family has heart disease. But other important lifestyle factors that affect your risk level are diet, exercise, and smoking.