Anal Fistula Disease: The Treatment You Might Be Missing

An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like connection that develops inside the anus and connects to the skin surrounding the anus. This condition generally happens after an anal abscess. An anal abscess is a collection of pus caused by an infection in the anal glands. A fistula may form on the skin if this infection is not completely treated. As a result, this fistula starts to cause recurrent pain, discomfort, and infection.

Though it may sound concerning, understanding about the causes and treatment of anal fistula can bring relief and effective management of this condition. Let’s dive deeper into this. If you're experiencing any such problem, don't ignore it. Contact Best Proctologist at CMRI Hospital, Kolkata today for expert consultation and treatment.

Types of Anal Fistula

Anal fistulas can be divided into multiple categories depending on their anatomy, location, and nature. 

Symptoms of Anal Fistula

Symptoms of anal fistulas can vary depending upon their type, but the most common symptoms are:

If you experience any of the above symptoms, consult your doctor immediately, as early diagnosis can prevent your condition from worsening. 

Causes of Anal Fistula 

An infection in the anal glands is one of the most common symptoms of anal fistula. The infection usually leads to the formation of an abscess. However, some other factors that can increase the risk include:

• Crohn’s disease: It is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can lead to complications like anal fistulas.
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Infections can sometimes lead to abscesses that evolve into fistulas.
• Trauma or injury: A history of trauma injury in the anal region can also cause anal fistula. 
• Radiation therapy: In certain cases, radiation therapy for cancers in the pelvic area can cause fistulas.

Treatment for Anal Fistula

An anal fistula can cause discomfort and pain, but effective treatment helps prevent the complications and improves the quality of life. The treatment primarily depends on the type of fistula, and your doctor will tell you the best options based on your condition. These include: 

• Fistulotomy: This is the most common type of procedure. Here, the fistula tract is opened up to heal from the inside out. This is highly effective for less complicated fistulas.
• Placement of a Seton: A seton is a surgical thread placed in the fistula to help drain infection. This allows the fistula to heal gradually, thereby minimising damage to the sphincter muscles.
• Advancement Flap Procedure: This treatment involves removing the fistula tract and covering the internal opening with healthy tissue to promote healing.
• Fibrin Glue or Bioprosthetic Plug: If surgery can’t be done on any patient, then minimally invasive options are used. This method involves the use of glue or plugs to seal the fistula.

Complications of Anal Fistula 

If an anal fistula is not treated, then it may lead to the following complications:

• Chronic infections.
• Damage to the fistula or the sphincter muscles during surgery can lead to difficulty controlling bowel movements.
• In rare cases, an untreated fistula may cause sepsis that can spread to the bloodstream

Living with an anal fistula can be challenging, but it is a condition with effective treatments available. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned, reach out to a healthcare provider who can guide you through diagnosis and treatment options. With the right care, patients can regain their comfort and quality of life.

At CMRI, Kolkata, we prioritise your well-being with a patient-first approach. You can always reach out to our team for your concerns and queries.

FAQs

Is anal fistula dangerous?

While not life-threatening, an anal fistula can lead to severe discomfort and recurrent infections if left untreated. Prolonged neglect can result in complications like incontinence or chronic pain, so it's essential to address it early with medical care.

What is the most common type of anal fistula?

The most common type of anal fistula is the Intersphincteric fistula, which accounts for the majority of cases. It typically forms between the internal anal opening and the external skin around the anus.

How to prevent anal fistulas?