How Cold Air Worsens Asthma?

As winter approaches, many enjoy cosy blankets and hot drinks. But for people with asthma, the season can be tough. Cold air, pollution and spending time outdoors can make breathing harder, turning winter into a struggle.

On Republic Day 2025, many stepped outside without realising the hidden risks in the air. The National Air Quality Index showed pollution levels between "moderate" and "poor," making it difficult to breathe—especially for those with asthma, lung disease, or heart problems. Doctors at the CK Birla Hospital in Delhi reported a rise in asthma and respiratory cases, mostly due to pollution and colder temperatures. 

Don't let your city's air become as dangerous as Delhi’s heavy smog. Your lung health is important. This winter, knowing what triggers asthma and taking precautions can help you breathe easier. Stay with us as we discuss why winter worsens asthma and how to protect your lungs. If you or a family member is suffering from Asthma, please contact our Pulmonologist at CMRI Hospital, Kolkata.

What is the connection between cold air and asthma attacks?

Cold air often triggers asthma attacks, and here’s why.

• Irritation of airways: Breathing in cold air can cause the airways to constrict, making it harder to breathe. This tightening of air passages leads to wheezing and shortness of breath.
• Dry air effects: Winter air tends to be dry. It can irritate the lungs and trigger an asthma attack.
• Increased mucus production: Cold air can cause excess mucus production. It can also block your airways and make your breathing difficult.
• Higher pollution levels: During winter, pollution levels are often high due to stagnant air. This can increase the risk of asthma flareups.
• Indoor triggers: As people spend more time indoors, they increase their exposure to dust, mould and pet dander, which can worsen asthma symptoms.

What are cold-weather-induced asthma symptoms?

• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Persistent cough
• Excess mucus
• Fatigue
• Frequent infections

What are the causes of asthma attacks in winter?

Here are some most common causes of asthma attacks during the colder months:

• Cold air irritates the airways and triggers an asthma attack.
• Flu and colds are common in winter, and these make asthma worse.
• Dust and mould increase indoors and cause breathing problems.
• Smoke from fireplaces and heaters irritates the lungs.
• Dry indoor air makes breathing difficult and worsens asthma.
• Exercise in cold weather tightens the airways and causes asthma attacks.
• Sudden weather changes affect the lungs and trigger asthma symptoms.

How can you avoid asthma triggers in winter?

While you can’t control the weather, you can take steps to protect yourself throughout this season. Here are simple yet effective tips:

• Wear a scarf or mask: You can cover your nose and mouth to warm the air before breathing.
• Keep your home clean: Reduce dust, mould, and pet dander with regular cleaning.
• Use a humidifier: Moist air helps prevent asthma from getting worse.
• Avoid smoke:  Stay away from fireplaces, stoves, and cigarette smoke.
• Check air quality: Avoid going outside when pollution levels are high.
• Manage pet allergies: Keep pets out of bedrooms and wash their bedding often.

Tips to prevent asthma attacks in cold weather

Taking proactive steps can help prevent asthma flare-ups during the winter. Follow these simple tips:

Keep Warm and Dress Properly

• Always wear warm clothing, including a scarf to cover your nose and mouth.
• Avoid sudden temperature changes. Don’t step out in the cold immediately after a hot shower.

Use Your Inhaler Before Going Outside

• If cold air triggers your asthma, use a quick-relief inhaler for 15-20 minutes before stepping outdoors.
• Always carry your inhaler in case of an emergency.

Maintain Indoor Air Quality

• Use an air purifier to remove allergens and pollutants.
• Avoid using strong-smelling cleaning products and sprays.
• Keep humidity levels balanced to prevent dry air from irritating your lungs.

Stay Active but Indoors

• Regular exercise strengthens your lungs, but cold air can trigger asthma.
• Opt for indoor workouts, like yoga or stretching, instead of running outside in the cold.

Take Care of Your Health

• Eat a healthy diet rich in vitamins to boost your immune system.
• Stay hydrated to keep your airways moist and reduce irritation.

Whom to consult for Asthma or breathing issues

If you’re struggling with breathing issues or asthma, don't wait. Get expert care today! Book an appointment with pulmonologists at CK Birla Hospital, Koltala (CMRI).

The Final Thoughts

Winter can be challenging for asthma sufferers, but with the right precautions, you can manage your symptoms and breathe easier. Understanding how cold air affects asthma, recognising triggers, and taking preventive steps can make a big difference. Stay warm, take care of your health, and don’t let winter hold you back from enjoying the season.

FAQ

 

Is exercise-induced asthma in cold weather real?

Yes, cold air can trigger exercise-induced asthma by tightening airways and making breathing difficult.

What precautions should people with asthma take?

Avoid triggers, carry a rescue inhaler, take prescribed medications, and monitor air quality.

Is asthma communicable?

No, asthma is not contagious; it's a chronic condition often linked to genetics and environmental factors.

Can an asthma attack kill you?

Yes, a severe asthma attack can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Seek emergency care if needed.