Pilonidal Sinus: Symptom, causes and Treatment

Pilonidal sinus is around 2 times more prevalent in men than women, but everyone is required to pay attention to the symptoms. 

You must be wondering about the severity of this condition. But do you know, although this condition may sound concerning, it is manageable with proper care and treatment? Let’s explore more about it in this blog, where you will get all your answers related to: What is pilonidal sinus? How does it happen? Can it be treated or managed? How serious is this condition? If you're experiencing any such problem, don't ignore it. Contact at CMRI Hospital, Best General Physician In Kolkata today for expert consultation and treatment. 

 What is Pilonidal Sinus?

A pilonidal sinus is a small cyst or hole in the skin. It mostly occurs near the tailbone at the top of the buttocks. The meaning of the word "pilonidal" is "nest of hair." As the name suggests, it often contains hair and occurs when hair penetrates the skin to form a hole. This hole or cyst, over time, can accumulate pus and dirt. It can become infected if not treated, leading to pain, infection, and swelling. The condition is more common in young men and individuals who sit for long hours. 

What are its Symptoms?

The signs of pilonidal sinus can vary if the cyst gets infected. In the early stage, an individual may feel a small pit in the skin. However, over time, the following symptoms can be observed:

• Redness or swelling around the affected area.
• Pain or tenderness in the area near the tailbone.
• Pus or blood coming out from the opening of the sinus.
• Foul smell due to the discharge. 
• In case the infection becomes severe, it may cause fever.

Causes of Pilonidal Sinus 

The exact cause of pilonidal sinus is still unclear, but some factors are believed to contribute to it:

• Ingrown hair: This is the most common cause. The ingrown hair pierces the skin, which leads to infection and inflammation if left untreated. 
• Obesity: Obese individuals are at more risk because of the added pressure and friction in the buttock region. 
• Prolonged Sitting: Individuals who keep sitting for longer durations are more prone to developing pilonidal sinuses. This is because of the pressure on the area due to longer sittings. 
• Injury: Repeated injury or friction in the lower back area can also lead to cyst formation.
• Genetic: In certain cases, pilonidal sinus can be genetic, which means you may have inherited it from your family if your family has a history.

Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus 

Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition. In non-infected cases, simple measures may help manage the pilonidal sinus. However, if the problem is increased and there is a case of infection, then immediate medical consultation is required. 

Surgical Treatments:

If your condition has become severe and the cyst has become infected, then your doctor may suggest the following treatments:

• Incision and drainage: When the pilonidal sinus becomes infected and creates pus in your tissues, your doctor may perform a minor incision. This procedure will help drain the pus and reduce pressure and pain in the affected area.
• Surgery: In certain cases, where the other treatments are not effective, surgery may be performed. This helps prevent future infections and recurrence of the condition.
• Minimally invasive procedures: Some techniques, such as laser therapy, are comparatively new and require minimal invasion. They also offer fast recovery.

Non-Invasive Treatments:

These are some of the traditional tips that can help if your condition is not severe.

• Maintain good hygiene: Keeping the area clean and free from hair can prevent infection.
• Hair removal: Regular shaving or laser hair removal in the area reduces the chance of hair re-entering the skin.
• Warm compresses: These can help in reducing the pain and swelling.

Risk Factors

• Pilonidal sinus primarily affects younger individuals, especially males between the ages of 15 and 35. 
• As per a study by NIH, pilonidal disease affects about 26 in 100,000 people each year in the US.
• In India, it is a relatively underreported condition but is seen commonly in young men who lead sedentary lifestyles.
• People with thick body hair, those who sit for extended periods, and individuals with obesity are at higher risk. 

At CMRI, Kolkata, we offer expert care for pilonidal sinus, utilising advanced surgical techniques and personalised treatment plans to ensure the best outcomes. Our team of skilled surgeons and healthcare professionals provide comprehensive post-treatment support, focusing on a smooth recovery and long-term health. Book your consultation here: (Booking link)

Takeaways

The person suffering from pilonidal sinus may experience irritation or discomfort, but the condition is manageable. All you need to do is not ignore your symptoms and consult your healthcare professional before this condition turns into complications. Right care, early detection, and timely treatment can improve your recovery, and you can lead a normal life without major difficulties. 

FAQs

Is pilonidal sinus a serious condition?

What measures can be taken to prevent pilonidal sinus?

Do I need surgery to treat the pilonidal sinus?

Not always. In certain cases, lifestyle changes can help ease your symptoms. You should maintain good hygiene, regularly remove hair, and use warm compresses to get relief. However, if your condition gets worse, your doctor may perform surgery to prevent further complications. 

Can pilonidal sinus become cancerous?

In most cases, pilonidal sinuses are not cancerous. However, there is a rare possibility of squamous cell carcinoma, in the occasions of prolonged untreated sinuses. This is a form of skin malignancy.