Early Warning Signs of Colon Cancer: When to See a Doctor

Have you been ignoring changes in your body—like frequent stomach pain, weight loss without trying, or changes in your bowel habits—thinking they’re just due to stress or a poor diet? You are not alone.

Many people do not realise these early signs could be the body’s way of warning about something more serious, like colon cancer. This illness often starts quietly, with signs that seem small or unimportant. But noticing these signs early can help save your life.

What Is Colon Cancer, and How Does It Start?

Colon cancer, also called colorectal cancer, happens when cells in the large intestine grow in an abnormal way. It can affect the colon, rectum, or anus.

It often starts as small, non-cancerous lumps called polyps that grow inside the colon or rectum. These polyps are not dangerous at first, but over time, some of them can turn into cancer if they are not found and removed. Not all polyps become harmful, but some can slowly turn into serious tumours over many years.

What Causes Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer starts when cells in the colon or rectum grow when they are not supposed to. Normally, cells grow, divide, and die in a regular way. But in colon cancer, some cells keep growing when they should stop.

Doctors do not always know the exact reason why this happens, but some factors can increase the risk:

• Age – It is more common in people over 50.
• Family history – If someone in your family has had colon cancer, your risk is higher.
• Unhealthy diet – Eating too much red or processed meat and not enough fruits, vegetables, or whole grains may increase the risk.
• Lack of exercise or being overweight – These can also add to the risk.
• Health conditions – Problems like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis may raise the risk.

Having one or more of these risk factors does not mean you will get colon cancer. It just means your chances are higher. Knowing about these risks can help you take better care of your health.

What Are the Early Signs of Colon Cancer?

In the early stages, colon cancer may not show clear signs. But as it grows, you may notice the following:

• Blood in the stool – This can look like bright red or dark-coloured blood.
• Changes in bowel habits – This includes diarrhoea, constipation, or changes in the shape or size of your stool that last more than a few days.
• Weight loss without trying – Losing weight when you are not dieting or exercising.
• Stomach pain – Cramping, gas, or pain that does not go away.
• Feeling very tired or weak – Often due to low blood levels caused by internal bleeding.

When Should You See a Doctor?

You should talk to a doctor if you have:

• Blood in your stool
• Changes in bowel habits that last more than a week
• Ongoing stomach pain or cramps
• Constant tiredness or weakness
• Weight loss for no clear reason

If you are over the age of 45 or have a family history of colon cancer, regular check-ups and screenings are also important.

What treatments are available for colon cancer?

There are different treatment options for colon cancer. The best one depends on the size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the person’s overall health. A doctor will help choose what works best.

Here are some common treatments:

• Surgery: In the early stages, surgery can remove polyps or small tumours. Sometimes, this can be done with simple procedures.
• Chemotherapy: This involves using special medicines to kill cancer cells. It is often used after surgery to prevent the cancer from coming back or in later stages to slow it down.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation uses strong energy to shrink tumours or kill cancer cells. It is often used for cancer in the rectum.
• Targeted Therapy: These are medicines that attack certain parts of cancer cells. They may be used along with other treatments.
• Immunotherapy: This helps the body’s natural defence system fight cancer. It is usually used for advanced cases.

Can Colon Cancer Be Prevented?

Colon cancer cannot always be prevented, but you can lower your risk by making some healthy changes:

• Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Eat less red and processed meat
• Stay active and maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
• Get regular screenings starting at age 45, or earlier if you have risk factors

Final Thoughts

Colon cancer can be treated and even prevented if it is found early. If you notice any changes in your bowel habits or general health, or if you have risk factors, speak with your doctor. Early action can make a big difference and even save your life.

FAQs

Is colon cancer curable?

Yes, colon cancer is often curable, especially when found and treated early.

What are the common causes of colon cancer?

Colon cancer can be linked to age, family history, poor diet, lack of exercise, and certain health conditions.

How often should you get screened for colon cancer?

Most people should start screening at age 45 and repeat every 5–10 years, or as advised by a doctor.

What should you do if you notice blood in your stool?

See a doctor as soon as possible, as it could be a sign of a serious condition like colon cancer.

Is colon cancer preventable through diet and lifestyle?

Yes, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and alcohol can lower your risk.