Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system, which causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures or periods of abnormal behavior, sensations, and loss of awareness and surroundings.
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system, which causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures or periods of abnormal behavior, sensations, and loss of awareness and surroundings. Epilepsy occurs due to a problem in the electrical activity of the brain. This, in turn, causes disturbances in the messaging between cells of the brain. Epilepsy can affect anyone belonging to any gender, age, race, or ethnicity. Moreover, the symptoms of epilepsy – the most common being seizures – are experienced at different levels and intensities among different people. Some people blankly stare during a seizure; others twitch their arms or legs; some lose consciousness; and so on. A single seizure does not categorize a person as epileptic, at least two unprovoked seizures are required to confirm epilepsy.
While some children outgrow the condition on their own, adults might require treatment such as medications or surgery. Some people might also need to take life-long medications to control seizures.
The most typical indication of epilepsy is a seizure; hence, the symptoms of seizures include:
Symptoms vary by person and also on the type of seizure being experienced by the person.
However, in most cases, a person experiences only one type of seizure each time; hence, symptoms are stable at least across episodes.
Two basic types of seizures occur in a person who has epilepsy. These are:
Focal Seizures: Focal seizures occur because of abnormal activity in only one part of the brain. These seizures are further categorized into two sub-categories:
Generalized seizures: Seizures that affect all areas of the brain are called generalized seizures.
These are further divided into six categories:
A person must call for immediate help if these seizures last for more than 5 minutes, and if any of the following conditions apply:
The exact origin of epilepsy cannot be traced in many people; while in others some of the below factors cause epilepsy and resultant seizures. These include:
Risk Factors
A seizure because of epilepsy can occur unprovoked and at any time during the day. Some of the complications that may arise because of a seizure include:
Epilepsy is a very critical problem that can cause life-threatening and severe complications.
Awareness and adequate treatment can prove effective in managing the symptoms.
Written and Verified by:
Dr. Pushkar Gupta holds more than 28 years of experience, has done his super specialization in Neurology from SGPGIMS, Lucknow. He was earlier additional Director Neurology department at Fortis Escort hospitals. Dr. Gupta is a senior neurologist with special expertise in handling complex cases of stroke, epilepsy, headache, tropical neurological disease, CNS infection and neuro muscular disorders. He has special interest and expertise in preventive and rehabilitative neurology.
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