Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

The symptoms of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) may be evident shortly after birth or may develop over time. Some of the common symptoms include - 

• Bluish or pale skin colour
• Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
• Poor feeding or difficulty feeding
• Poor weight gain or growth
• Fatigue or weakness
• Cold hands and feet
• Sweating, especially during feeding
• Abnormal heart rhythm or heart murmur

The primary cause of hypoplastic left heart syndrome arises due to the defect in the left side of the heart which doesn’t supply blood to the body efficiently. This is mostly due because the lower left chamber being either too small or not present. 

The exact cause of HLHS is unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is believed that a combination of genetic mutations and environmental factors may interfere with the normal development of the left side of the heart, leading to underdevelopment or hypoplasia of the left ventricle.

The diagnosis of HLHS is typically made before or shortly after birth. During routine prenatal ultrasounds, doctors may detect abnormalities in the structure of the heart, which may indicate HLHS. After birth, a physical examination and a series of tests may be performed to confirm the condition, including - 

• Echocardiogram - This test uses sound waves to create images of the heart and can help determine the size and function of the heart chambers.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) - This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can help determine if the heart is beating normally.
• Chest X-ray - This test can help determine the size and shape of the heart and lungs.

The treatment for HLHS is complex and usually requires a team of specialists, including cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and intensive care specialists. The treatment plan depends on the severity of the condition and may include - 

• Surgery - A series of surgeries may be needed to treat HLHS. Initially, the doctor recommends a surgery called the Norwood procedure, which is usually performed within the first few weeks after the birth. This procedure involves creating a new pathway for blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, bypassing the underdeveloped left ventricle.
• Heart transplant - In some cases, a heart transplant may be necessary if the heart is severely damaged or if the surgeries are not successful.
• Medications - Medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and prevent complications. These may include diuretics, blood thinners, and medications to control blood pressure.
• Additional Treatments - The doctor may recommend breathing assistance, intravenous fluids, a feeding tube, and an atrial septostomy to help manage the baby’s condition before the surgery or transplant. 

BM Birla Heart Research Centre is among the best cardiac hospitals specializing in cardiac healthcare services. We have incorporated a team of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons who have years of experience in their field. They are highly talented and skilled with technology. Our doctors ensure diagnosing the condition first so that the best treatment is offered to the patients. They ensure identifying the needs of a patient so that they are fulfilled capably. So, if you experience symptoms of heart failure or have had one, consult our cardiologists now.